Tendon repair in plastic surgery involves the surgical reconstruction or restoration of damaged or severed tendons. Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones, and injuries to these structures can occur due to trauma, lacerations, sports injuries, or surgical procedures. Tendon repair is a specialized aspect of plastic and reconstructive surgery, aiming to restore the integrity and function of the affected tendons.

Key points about tendon repair in plastic surgery include:

1. Indications:

   • Tendon repair is indicated when tendons are injured, cut, or completely severed. Common scenarios include injuries to the hand, wrist, or other parts of the body where tendons play a crucial role in joint movement.

2. Zone of Injury:

   • Tendon injuries are often categorized based on the zone of injury. Zones include the tendon’s origin (muscle attachment), mid-substance, and insertion (bone attachment). The location of the injury influences the surgical approach and technique used for repair.

3. Surgical Techniques:

   • Tendon repair is typically performed using microsurgical techniques, involving the use of magnification tools such as microscopes to suture the torn or cut ends of the tendon together. Fine sutures are used to approximate the tendon ends with precision.

4. Tendon Grafting:

   • In cases where there is a significant gap between the torn tendon ends, or if the tendon is extensively damaged, surgeons may use tendon grafts. This involves taking a segment of tendon from another part of the body (autograft) or using artificial materials to bridge the gap.

5. Postoperative Immobilization:

   • After tendon repair, patients may be placed in a splint or cast to protect the repaired tendon and allow for initial healing. The duration of immobilization depends on the specific tendon, the location of the injury, and the surgeon’s recommendations.

6. Rehabilitation:

   • Rehabilitation is a crucial aspect of tendon repair. Physical therapy is often prescribed to gradually restore range of motion, strength, and function. The rehabilitation process may be tailored to the specific tendon and the functional requirements of the affected area.

7. Functional Outcomes:

   • The goal of tendon repair is to achieve optimal functional outcomes, allowing for the normal movement of joints and preventing stiffness. The success of the procedure is assessed based on the restoration of strength, flexibility, and overall function.

8. Complications:

   • Complications associated with tendon repair may include adhesions (abnormal tissue attachments), stiffness, or re-rupture. Careful postoperative management and adherence to rehabilitation protocols help minimize these risks.

Tendon repair in plastic surgery is often performed by hand surgeons or plastic surgeons with expertise in upper extremity and microsurgical procedures. Successful tendon repair is essential for restoring normal hand and joint function, enabling patients to regain their ability to perform daily activities and tasks. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical for optimizing outcomes in tendon injuries.