Vascular malformation refers to a group of rare conditions where there are abnormalities in the blood vessels. These malformations can occur anywhere in the body and are often present from birth. The abnormalities may involve veins, arteries, capillaries, or lymphatic vessels. There are various types of vascular malformations, and they are generally classified based on the type of vessels affected and the way in which they are involved.

The two main categories of vascular malformations are:

1. Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations:

   • Venous Malformations (VM): These involve abnormal development of veins and are the most common type of vascular malformation. They usually consist of poorly formed or dilated veins.

   • Lymphatic Malformations (LM): These involve abnormalities in the lymphatic vessels, which are responsible for draining excess tissue fluid. Lymphatic malformations can lead to fluid accumulation and swelling.

2. Fast-Flow Vascular Malformations:

   • Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM): These are rare but serious malformations where there is a direct connection between arteries and veins without the usual capillary network. This can lead to abnormal blood flow and increased pressure.

   • Capillary Malformations (Port-Wine Stains): These involve abnormalities in the capillaries, resulting in red or purple discolorations on the skin.

Vascular malformations can cause various symptoms depending on their location and type. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, skin discoloration, and functional impairment. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies such as ultrasound, MRI, or angiography.

Treatment options vary and may include observation, medical management, or more invasive interventions such as embolization, sclerotherapy, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of the malformation.

It’s important for individuals with suspected vascular malformations to consult with healthcare professionals, often specialists in vascular anomalies, for proper evaluation and management.